B/mk        Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications  (Skiff, 2010)
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General Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Version 2010-Mar)
     Skiff B.A.
    <Lowell Observatory (March 2010)>
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ADC_Keywords: Spectral types ; MK spectral classification


Description:
    This  file contains spectral classifications  for stars collected from
    the literature, serving as a continuation of the compilations produced
    by the Jascheks,   by Kennedy,  and  by Buscombe.  The  source of each
    spectral  type is indicated  by a standard  19-digit bibcode citation.
    These papers of course should  be  cited  in  publication,   not  this
    compilation.

    The stars  are identified either by the  name used in each publication
    or by a valid  SIMBAD  identifier.   Some  effort  has  been  made  to
    determine accurate (~1" or better)  coordinates for equinox J2000 (and
    epoch 2000 if possible), and these serve as a secondary identifier. To
    the  extent possible with current astrometric sources,  the components
    of double stars and stars with composite spectra are shown as separate
    entries.

    Magnitudes are provided as an indication of brightness, but these data
    are  not necessarily accurate,  as they often derive from photographic
    photometry or rough estimates.

    The  file includes only  spectral types determined  from spectra (viz.
    line  and band strengths  or ratios),  omitting  those determined from
    photometry (e.g.  DDO,  Vilnius)  or inferred from broadband colors or
    spectral energy distributions.

    The  classifications include MK types as well as types not strictly on
    the MK system (white dwarfs, Wolf-Rayet, etc),  and in addition simple
    HD-style  temperature types.   Luminosity classes  in the  early Mount
    Wilson style (e.g. 'd'  for dwarf,  'g'  for giant)  and other similar
    schemes  have been converted to modern  notation.  Since a citation is
    provided for each  entry,  the  source paper  should be  consulted for
    details  about  classification  schemes,   spectral  dispersion,   and
    instrumentation used.

    System-defining primary  MK standard stars are  included from the last
    lists by Morgan and Keenan, and are flagged by a +  sign in column 83.
    The  early-type   standards  comprise  the   1973  "dagger  standards"
    (1973ARA&A..11...29M)   and stars from the Morgan,  Abt,  and Tapscott
    atlas (1978rmsa.book.....M).   Standards from Table I  of the Morgan &
    Abt 'MKA'  paper (1972AJ.....77...35M)  not appearing in the two later
    lists are  added.  Keenan made continual  adjustments to the standards
    lists up to the time of  his  death.   Thus  the  late-type  standards
    comprise those  marked as  high-weight standards  in the  1989 Perkins
    catalogue   (1989ApJS...71..245K  =   III/150);   the  revised  S-type
    standards  in collaboration with Boeshaar (1980ApJS...43..379K);  plus
    the carbon  standards and class IIIb  'clump giants'  in collaboration
    with   Barnbaum  (1996ApJS..105..419B  and  1999ApJ...518..859K).   In
    addition,   I have made use of the final types by Keenan up to January
    2000     shown     at      the      Ohio      State      Web      site
    (http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/MKCool), accessed in autumn 2003.
    Though the  present file contains all the  stars in these lists,  only
    those  marked as standards are flagged as such.  Garrison's list of MK
    'anchor   points'   might   also   be   consulted   in   this   regard
    (1994mpyp.conf....3G,                                              and
    http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html).

    The  catalogue   includes  for  the  first   time  results  from  many
    large-scale objective-prism spectral surveys done at Case,  Stockholm,
    Crimea,   Abastumani,  and elsewhere.  The stars in these surveys were
    usually identified only on charts or by other indirect means, and have
    been overlooked heretofore because of the difficulty in recovering the
    stars.   More  complete  results  from  these  separate  publications,
    including  notes and identifications,  have been made available to the
    CDS,   and   are   kept   at   the   Lowell   Observatory   ftp   area
    (ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/bas/starcats).   Not all of  these stars are
    present in SIMBAD.

    As a 'living  catalogue',  an  attempt will  be made  to keep  up with
    current  literature,  and to extend the  indexing of citations back in
    time.

File Summary:

       FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations

ReadMe            80        .   This file
mktypes.dat      143   423055   The catalog of MK Spectral Types (Version Oct. 2009)
surveyed.txt      79      723   List of surveyed articles


See also:
  III/18B : Stellar Spectra classified in the MK system (Jaschek+, 1963)
  III/42  : Selected MK Spectral Types (Jaschek, 1978)
  III/78  : MK Classification Catalogue Extension (Kennedy, 1983)


Byte-by-byte Description of file: mktypes.dat

   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations

   1- 19  A19   ---     Bibcode  Publication Source
  22- 48  A27   ---     Name     Star name as published or valid
                                      SIMBAD name (Lortet et al.)
  50- 51  I2    h       RAh      Right Ascension (J2000) hour
  53- 54  I2    min     RAm      Right Ascension (J2000) minute
  56- 60  F5.2  s       RAs      Right Ascension (J2000) second
      62  A1    ---     DE-      Declination sign
  63- 64  I2    deg     DEd      Declination (J2000) degree
  66- 67  I2    arcmin  DEm      Declination (J2000) minute
  69- 72  F4.1  arcsec  DEs      Declination (J2000) second
      74  A1    ---     rc       Source of coordinates (1)
  76- 80  F5.2  mag     Mag      ? Magnitude, see passband in n_Mag
      81  A1    ---     n_Mag    [PUBVRIJKg] Color passband of magnitude (2)
      83  A1    ---    n_SpType  [+] if spectral type is an MK standard
  84-109  A26   ---     SpType   spectral type (MK, HD, or other)
 111-143  A33   ---     Remarks  Comments (3)

Note (1): sources of astrometry are numbered as follows:
    A = USNO-A2.0  (1998USNO2.C......0M, Cat. I/252)
    B = Bordeaux meridian circle  (2001A&A...376..325R, Cat. I/272)
      + PM2000  (2006A&A...448.1235D, Cat. I/300)
    b = USNO-B1.0  (2003AJ....125..984M, Cat. I/284)
    c = AC 2000.2  (1998AJ....115.1212U, Cat. I/275)
    C = Carlsberg CMC11 (1999yCat.1256.....C, Cat. I/256)
      + Carlsberg CMC12 (2002A&A...395..347E, Cat. I/282)
      + Carlsberg CMC14 (2005yCat.1304.....C, Cat. I/304)
    D = DENIS  (1999A&A...349..236E, Cat. B/denis)
    E = Edinburgh SuperCOSMOS  (http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/sss/obj.html)
    F = USNO-Flagstaff transit circle  (1999AJ....118.2488S, Cat. I/263)
    G = GSC-ACT  (1999GSCTy.C......0G, Cat. I/255)
    g = GSC-2.2  (2001GSC2..C......0S, Cat. I/271)
      + GSC-2.3  (2008AJ....136..735L, Cat. I/305)
    k = ASCC-2.5  (2001KFNT...17e.409K, Cat. I/280)
    L = LSPM  (2005AJ....129.1483L, Cat. I/298)
    M = 2MASS second or all-sky releases (2006AJ....131.1163S,
        Cat. II/241 or II/246)
    S = Sloan Digital Sky Survey (2008ApJS..175..297A, Cat. II/294)
    s = SkyView estimate (2")
    T = all Hipparcos/Tycho-based catalogues, including in approximate
        order of preference:
      + Tycho-2    (2000A&A...357..367H, Cat. I/259)
      + TDSC       (2002A&A...384..180F, Cat. I/276)
      + TRC        (1998A&A...335L..65H and 1999A&AS..136..491K, Cat. I/250)
      + ACT        (1998AJ....115.2161U, Cat. I/246)
      + Hipparcos2 (2007A&A...474..653V, Cat. I/311)
      + Hipparcos  (1997HIP...C......0E, Cat. I/239/hip_main)
      + Tycho-1    (1997HIP...C......0E, Cat. I/239/tyc_main)
    U = UCAC1 or UCAC2  (2000AJ....120.2131Z, Cat. I/268 or I/289)
    u = UCAC2 Bright Star Supplement (2004yCat.1294....0U, Cat. I/294)
    Y = Yale SPM  (1998AJ....116.2556P, Cat. I/277)
    z = MCPS catalogue (2002AJ....123..855Z, Cat. J/AJ/123/855)
    - = other (copied from source paper, derived from x,y coordinates, etc.)
Note (2):  passbands are usually standard Johnson-Cousins BVRI, or
    photographic equivalents, near-infrared J and K, also Sloan-Gunn g.
Note (3): comments are often greatly compressed; some common phrases are:
   brtr       = brighter
   close pair = nearly-equal pairs usually <0".5 separation observed together
   comp       = companion or composite (clear from context)
   cpm pair   = common proper motion double star
   em         = emission
   fntr       = fainter
   grp        = group
   ID         = identification
   interst    = interstellar
   lg pm      = large proper motion (usually >0".15 per year)
   vlg pm     = very large proper motion (>2" per year)
   lum        = luminosity (class)
   max        = maximum (brightness)
   met, mets  = metals, metallic lines
   min        = minimum (brightness)
   nr         = near
   opt pair   = 'optical' double star, i.e. not common proper motion
   pec        = peculiar
   prob       = probably
   sl         = slight, slightly
   spec var   = spectrum variable
   str        = strong
   uncer      = uncertain
   var        = variable
   wk         = weak
   Nrn        = northern
   Nmost      = northernmost (and similar)
   Ern        = eastern
   Srn        = southern
   Wrn        = western
   NErn       = northeastern
   NWrn       = northwestern
   SErn       = southeastern
   SWrn       = southwestern


History:
  * 19-May-2003: Prepared by Brian Skiff (Lowell Observatory) (58783 records)
  * 18-Jul-2003: Several errors corrected by the author (63865 records)
  * 31-May-2004: Updated and completed version (III/233A, 107968 records)
  * 06-Jun-2005: Updated and completed version (III/233B, 156824 records)
  * 23-Oct-2007: Updated (B/mk), now 272640 records
  * 07-Jan-2008: Updated (B/mk), now 283486 records
  * 19-Feb-2009: Updated (B/mk), now 333826 records
  * 14-Jul-2009: Updated (B/mk), now 347592 records
  * 05-Oct-2009: Updated (B/mk), now 361152 records
  * 22-Mar-2010: Updated (B/mk), now 423055 records
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(End)        Brian Skiff [Lowell Obs.], Francois Ochsenbein [CDS]    17-Feb-2009